In short: for a defective product, poor service, overcharging or an unfair trade practice, first give the seller or provider a written chance to fix it. If they do not, file a complaint with the Consumer Commission, online through e-Daakhil, within two years. You can claim a refund or replacement, compensation and costs.
Before you file
Write to the seller or service provider with the facts, the bill, and what you want (refund, replacement, repair, compensation), and give a reasonable time to respond. Keep the reply or proof of no reply. The National Consumer Helpline (1915) can also try to resolve it.
Which commission
Under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 and the 2021 rules on pecuniary jurisdiction, the forum depends on the value paid for the goods or services:
- District Commission: up to ₹50 lakh;
- State Commission: above ₹50 lakh and up to ₹2 crore;
- National Commission: above ₹2 crore.
You can file where you live or work, not only where the seller is.
Filing online
- Register on the e-Daakhil portal of the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.
- Fill in the complaint, the relief you want, and upload the bill, correspondence and proof.
- Pay the small fee (nil for claims up to ₹5 lakh) and file. You can appear yourself; a lawyer is optional.
Questions people ask
How do I file a consumer complaint online in India?
Register on e-Daakhil, fill in the complaint with your details, the opposite party and the relief sought, upload documents, pay the fee if any, and submit. The commission then issues notice to the other side.
What is the time limit to file a consumer complaint?
Two years from when the cause of action arose. A delay can be condoned if you show sufficient cause.
Do I need a lawyer for a consumer case?
No, you can file and argue it yourself. A lawyer helps in complex or high-value cases, insurance and builder disputes, and appeals.
Can I file a consumer complaint against a builder or an insurance company?
Yes. Delayed possession, defective construction, and wrongful rejection of insurance claims are common consumer complaints. For builders, RERA is an alternative forum.
What compensation can I get?
Refund or replacement, repair, compensation for loss and harassment, and litigation costs. In some cases, punitive damages.
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Become a ClientCall +91 81001 21141This guide gives general information about the law in India as on 11 November 2026. It is not legal advice for your situation, and reading it does not create a lawyer-client relationship. Rules and limits change; please take advice on your own facts.